Socrates: When
a simple man who has no skill
in dialectics believes an argument to be true which he afterwards imagines
to be false, whether really false or not, and then another and
another, he has no longer any faith left, and great disputers,as
you know, come to think, at last that they have grown to be the wisest
of mankind; for they alone perceive the utter unsoundness and
instability
of all arguments, or, indeed, of all things, which, like
the
currents in the Euripus, are going up and down in never-ceasing
ebb
and flow.
That
is quite true, I said.
Yes,
Phaedo, he replied, and very melancholy too, if there be such
a
thing as truth or certainty or power of knowing at all, that a man
should
have lighted upon some argument or other which at first seemed
true
and then turned out to be false, and instead of blaming himself
and
his own want of wit, because he is annoyed, should at last be
too
glad to transfer the blame from himself to arguments in general;
and
forever afterwards should hate and revile them, and lose the truth
and
knowledge of existence.
Yes,
indeed, I said; that is very melancholy.
Let
us, then, in the first place, he said, be careful of admitting
into
our souls the notion that there is no truth or health or soundness
in
any arguments at all; but let us rather say that there is as yet
no
health in us, and that we must quit ourselves like men and do our
best
to gain health-you and all other men with a view to the whole
of
your future life, and I myself with a view to death. For at this
moment I am sensible
that I have not the temper of a philosopher;
like the vulgar, I am only a partisan. For the partisan, when he is
engaged in a dispute,
cares nothing about the rights of the question,
but is anxious only to
convince his hearers of his own assertions.
And the difference
between him and me at the present moment is only
this-that whereas he
seeks to convince his hearers that what he says
is true, I am rather seeking to convince myself; to convince my hearers
is
a secondary matter with me.
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